Norm
-----Original Message-----
> Protecting Judges Against Liza Minnelli
>
> The WebSENSE Censorware at Work
>
> By The Censorware Project
> http://www.spectacle.org/cwp/
>
> June 21, 1998
>
> In April, the Censorware Project reported that the WebSENSE blocking
software from NetPartners Internet Solutions of San Diego was in use in the
federal courts in the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Circuits, covering twenty-two
states and Guam. WebSENSE is also installed in the Orange County, Florida,
and Fulton County, Indiana public libraries.
>
> Judge Alex Kozinski of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said: "Its an
outrage....I don't do stuff like that to my children." (Quoted in James
Evans, "Blindered Justice: 9th Circuit Judges Chafe Over Software That
Restricts Access to X-Rated Internet Sites", Los Angeles Daily Journal,
April 27, 1998, p. 1.)
>
> After publicizing the installation of censorware in the federal court
system, The Censorware Project evaluated the WebSENSE product. We wanted to
determine what kind of speech the court administrators were seeking to keep
from the judges' eyes.
>
> The answer: our tax dollars are being spent to protect judges, and
library users, against Liza Minnelli, Jewish teens, a grocer, a speakers'
bureau, a mortgage company--and some free speech advocates. All of these
sites are blocked by WebSENSE under the Sex1, Sex2 or Adult Entertainment
categories, the settings used in the federal courts and in libraries.
>
> On its website, NetPartners brags that:
>
> [W]e do not use key words or wild cards when adding sites. Instead,
we rely on our team of Internet surfers who personally check each potential
site to verify the contents..... This process ensures that only those sites
that actually meet the category definitions are included in the database.
>
> The Censorware Project tested WebSENSE to see if this claim could be
verified. We discovered that, like any censorware product, WebSENSE
blacklists numerous sites erroneously.
>
> We concentrated on sites blocked under WebSENSE's Adult, Sex1 and Sex2
categories, which are enabled in both the federal court's and Orange County
library's WebSENSE implementations. The company defines Adult as "Adult
Entertainment -- Full or partial nudity of individuals. This might include
strip clubs, lingerie, adult- oriented chat rooms, erotica, sex toys, light
adult humor and literature, etc." Sex1 is defined as " (Pornography) --
Heterosexual activity involving one or two persons, hard-core adult humor
and literature, etc." Sex 2 is described as "(Sexuality/Lifestyles) --
Heterosexual acts involving more than two people; homosexual and bisexual
acts, orgies, swinging, bestiality, sadism, masochism, fetishes, etc., and
related hard-core adult humor and literature."
>
> The following pages are a small sample of the sites we found
inappropriately blocked by WebSENSE:
>
> * The Liza Minnelli Web Site, blocked as Adult Entertainment 3.
Includes a discography, photos of the singer, and links to other relevant
sites.
>
> * The Jewish Teens page, blocked as Sex 2. Its current top page
includes articles on "How to Talk to Your Kids About the Holocaust" and
"Jewish Female Role Models for Our Daughters."
>
> * Laboratory of Molecular Medicine at Michigan State, ("Sex2"). "The
Canine Molecular Genetics project, funded by the largest private grant ever
given solely for canine health, aims to use the powerful new tools of
molecular genetics to prevent the hereditary diseases that affect dogs."
>
> * Visionary Voices Professional Speakers Online, ("Sex2"). "Visionary
Voices is a powerful speakers bureau designed to bring dynamic, quality
speakers into organizations and ignite their team into action."
>
> * Sterling Funding, a mortgage company ("Sex2"). "Tax Deductible Loans
for Home Owners!"
>
> * A. Bohrer's Inc., a grocer ("Sex2"). "Our product line now
encompasses fresh produce as well as, a full line of frozen products, fresh
meats, fresh seafood, and groceries."
>
> * The Swallows, a Japanese baseball team, rated Sex2. We found many
Japanese-language sports sites listed as porn by WebSENSE.
>
> * The Indiana Twisters, a soccer team ("Sex2"). "Now with our indoor
team joining the Blast and the Blaze, soccer fans in Indiana will get to
follow the game year-round, and root for the familiar players they've come
to know and love." Also blocked in the same category: the Indiana Blast:
"Promotions like 'Godzilla Night'...make BLAST games fun!"
>
> We found several advocacy and freedom of speech sites inappropriately
blocked as if they were porn:
>
> * A copy of The Demon Internet Policy on Censorship, ("Sex2"). Demon
is a British ISP.
>
> * MIT Student Association for Freedom of Expression "Censorbait" page,
blocked as "Adult". "Throughout human history, attempts have been made to
suppress certain writings and pictures. This is a collection of links to
material about such suppression, or material likely to be suppressed."
>
> * A former location of the Safer Sex Page, ("Sex2"). This site is
dedicated to AIDS prevention; the webmaster was a plaintiff in ACLU v.
Reno, the case which invalidated the Communications Decency Act. The
blocked page was last updated in January, 1996. "The straight dope on safer
sex: what's safer? what's risky? What's the latest on HIV? How do I protect
myself?"
>
>
SENSE implementations. The company defines Adult as "Adult
Entertainment -- Full or partial nudity of individuals. This might include
strip clubs, lingerie, adult- oriented chat rooms, erotica, sex toys, light
adult humor and literature, etc." Sex1 is defined as " (Pornography) --
Heterosexual activity involving one or two persons,Conclusion:
>
> Like all other censorware we have examined, WebSENSE contains numerous
bad blocks. Contrary to the marketing claims, clearly no human being
examined these sites before they were added to the blacklist.
>
> We believe that, like most censorware companies, Net Partners uses an
automated tool, called a "spider" to search the Web for sites which meet
certain criteria, including the use of keywords such as "teens" or "sex".
The company claims, as quoted above, that every site is then examined by a
human being. The grossly inappropriate blocks listed here--Liza Minnelli, a
grocer, a speakers' bureau, a mortgage company, a teens page all blocked as
pornography--belie this claim.
>
> In the case of the blacklisted Japanese sports sites, we believe that
NetPartner's spider is picking up a common string of Japanese characters as
an English-language word on its blacklist. Unseen by a human reviewer,
these Japanese language sites then end up being blocked as porn.
>
> The use of WebSENSE in the court system and public libraries is clearly a
violation of First Amendment rights of court employees and library users.
In a recent decision in the first lawsuit brought to challenge the use of
censorware in libraries, Judge Leonie Brinkema held that the Internet "more
closely resembles plaintiffs' analogy of a collection of encyclopedias from
which defendants have laboriously redacted portions deemed unfit for
library patrons." Judge Brinkema also said that "public libraries are
places of freewheeling and independent inquiry." Once having chosen to
provide access to the Internet, Judge Brinkema concluded that "the Library
Board may not thereafter selectively restrict certain categories of
Internet speech because it disfavors their content." (Mainstream Loudoun v.
Loudoun County Libraries).
>
> Under the standard Judge Brinkema suggested should be applied, censorware
installed in public institutions must be "narrowly tailored" to serve a
"compelling government interest." WebSENSE fails the "narrowly tailored"
branch of the test for two related reasons: First, the profound negligence
illustrated by the numerous bad blocks included in the product's blacklist;
secondly, the extreme vagueness of the company's standards. For example,
"Heterosexual activity involving one or two persons" as a definition of
pornography would permit the censorship of almost every novel or movie
currently available. As Judge Brinkema's decision forecasts, censorware
will fail to stand up to the exacting standards demanded by First Amendment
law. It has no place in public libraries or in the courts. (A briefing
paper on the unconstitutionality of such uses of censorware is available.)
>
> It is the ultimate irony that co-workers of Judge Brinkema's in other
federal circuits cannot surf the Web without going through WebSENSE, the
product which protects them against Liza Minnelli, Jewish teens, speakers'
bureaus, and mortgage companies.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Please see the story by the CyberTimes, the New York Times on the Web:
Filter Used by Courts Blocks Innocuous Sites.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> The Censorware Project is a group of Internet activists opposed to
blocking software and ratings systems for the Web, on the grounds that both
approaches promote government censorship of the Net. For more information,
please contact Jonathan Wallace at jw@bway.net.
>
>
red" branch of the test for two related reasons:
> First, the profound negligence illustrated by the numerous bad blocks
> included in the product's blacklist; secondly, the extreme vagueness
> of the company's standards. For example, "Heterosexual activity
> involving one or two persons" as a definition of pornography would
> permit the censorship of almost every novel or movie currently
> available. As Judge Brinkema's decision forecasts, censorware will
> fail to stand up to the exacting standards demanded by First Amendment
> law. It has no place in public libraries or in the courts. (A
> <a href="http://www.spectacle.org/cs/library.html">briefing paper</a>
> on the unconstitutionality of such uses of censorware is
> available.)<p>
>
> It is the ultimate irony that co-workers of Judge Brinkema's in other
> federback to CWP home page
http://www.spectacle.org/cwp/liza.html
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